Introduction to
Thermodynamics

1. MATTER EXISTS IN SPACE AND TIME

2. IDEAL FLUIDS

3. ENERGY, WORK AND HEAT

4. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

5. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS

6. DISCUSSIONS OF TEXTS

Contact: Dr. Thermo

Chapter 1   MATTER EXISTS IN SPACE AND TIME

• 1.1  IDEAS, DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES.
• ♦   Eratosthanes.
• ♦   LNG Tanker.
• Primary Dimensions and Units
• Secondary Dimensions
• ♦   Prove: (A - B) ² = ( A² - 2AB + B² )
• Properties
• ♦   Prove: ( -1 ) x ( -1 ) = 1
• ♦   Pythagoras Used Geometry to prove: A² + B² = C²
• ♦   Are Volumes Additive?

• 1.2  PROPERTY EQUATIONS AND EVENTS
• Simple Systems
• Property Equations
• Mass Equation
• Momentum Equation and Force
• ♦   Virginia Shot Tower
• Energy Equation, Work and Heat
• ♦   Elevator Speed
• ♦   18-Wheeler Safe Braking Speed
• ♦   Water Seeks Its Level
• Change - as Events in Time
• Property Equation Sign Conventions

• 1.3  POSITION, VELOCITY AND MOMENTUM
• Position
• Vectors and the Scalar Product
• ♦    Ladder-Boom Rescue Truck
• ♦    High Wire Apparatus
• ♦    Crank, Rod and Piston
• ♦    Pharaoh's Engineers
• Velocity
• ♦   Valentino's Wake
• ♦   Train Passes Two Boys
• ♦   Scissor Jack
• Momentum and Force
• ♦   P - 51 Mustang
• ♦   Chest Pass
• ♦   Tennis Practice

• 1.4  UNIFORM MOTION
• ♦   Trans-ALASKA Pipeline
• ♦   Yacht and Sea Buoy
• ♦   Ten Pounds of Potatoes
• ♦   Lunar "Carry-Off" Lugage

• 1.5  ACCELERATED MOTION
• ♦   Galileo's Inclined Plane
• ♦   Where is f = mA
• ♦   God Lifted Earth
• ♦   Blue Ocean Towing
• ♦   Point Blank
• ♦   Push Box

• 1.6  FURTHER STUDY
• ♦   Gravity and Altitude
• ♦   Altitude of Geostationary Orbit
• ♦   Vectors for Circular Motion
• ♦   Polar versus Equatorial weight

Chapter 2   IDEAL FLUIDS

• 2.1  IDEAL FLUIDS
• 2.2  PRESSURE
• ♦   Pressure at Natural Locations
• ♦   Hurricane Wilma
• ♦   Torricelli's Barometer
• ♦   Standard Atmospheric Pressure
• ♦   Pascal's Experiment
• ♦   Density of Fluid "A"
• ♦   Water Barometer
• ♦   Aspects of Pressure
• ♦   Piezometer
• ♦   Manometer and Bourdon Gages
• ♦   Classical Piston and Cylinder
• ♦   Gas to Liquid Interfaces
• Pressure Terminology
• 2.3  PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
• ♦   Pressure of the Void
• ♦   Wilma's Surge
• ♦   Cave Diver
• ♦   Off-Shore Natural Gas
• ♦   Bubble-Tube Depth Gage
• ♦   Monster Tires
• ♦   Arctic Shelf Ice
• 2.4  TEMPERATURE AND THE IDEAL GAS
• IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOR
• ♦   Fuel Cell Mass Proportions
• ♦   Casting Rail Wheels
• ♦   Volume of a Sculpture
• ♦   Foghorn's Gage
• ♦   Abandoned Car
• ♦   First Equestrian Ascent
• ♦   Victor Regnault
• ♦   Two Tanks

Chapter 3  ENERGY, WORK OF A BODY

• 3.1  ENERGY AND WORK
• Body Energy Equation
• Body Work
• ♦   Champagne Cork Trajectory
• ♦   Castle Bridge
• ♦   Elephant Weighs Teak
• ♦   Energy, Speed... Momentum
• ♦   Perfect Bounce
• ♦   Work to Push a Box
• ♦   Move Wall
• ♦   Kids Help Clean the Garage

• 3.2  MECHANICAL ENERGY EQUATION
• ♦   Slap Shot
• ♦   Bilge Pump Work
• ♦   Drunk Driving Awareness
• ♦   Wreck at Batavia
• ♦   Buoy Lift
• ♦   Polaris Scale Model

• 3.3  INTERNAL ENERGY AND ITS WORK
• Compression Work
• Constant Pressure Events
• Internal Energy
• Reversible Adiabatic Gas Process
• ♦   Blow-Gun Hunter
• ♦   Skateboard Skill
• ♦   Bilge Pump Work
• ♦   Scuba Horsepower
• ♦   Atwood's Machine
• ♦   Newman's Annihilator
• ♦   Boys on a Swing
• ♦   What is cos(θ + 60°)?
• ♦   Buoy Lift
• ♦   Pulling Sheet Piles
• ♦   Brick Bounces Over a Car?

• 3.4  Substance Energy Equation
• Ideal Gas Events
• Polytropic Processes
• Energy Equation
• About Springs
• About Heat and Temperature
• ♦   Air Pistol
• ♦   Bungee Jumper
• ♦   Space Shuttle Re-Entry
• ♦   Tank, Spring and Heater
• ♦   Candle Beneath a Piston
• ♦   Average Force to Brake
• ♦   Vacuum Launched Rocket
• ♦   Washer Switch

• 3.5  Energy Rates and Power
• ♦   Ship's Reduction Gear
• ♦   Horsepower of an Ox
• ♦   Truck Horsepower
• ♦   Atwood's Machine
• ♦   Cyclist Power
• ♦   Compactor Horsepower
• ♦   Scuba Horsepower

Chapter 4   THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

• 4.1  ICE, WATER AND STEAM
• Phase Changes of Water
• Phase Diagram and the p-v-T Surface
• Normal Freezing and Boiling
• ♦   Chef Thickens the Soup
• ♦   Microwave Coffee

• 4.2  Normal Properties of Water
• Average Specific Heat Data
• Tabular Data
• Phase Changes of Water
• ♦   Microwave Coffee
• ♦   Grease Fire Experiment
• ♦   Animal Disposal NYC
• ♦   Yardley's Extractor
• ♦   Stone Boiling

• 4.3  Normal Properties - Other Substances
• ♦   Neon Signage
• ♦   Sausage Preparation
• ♦   1861 - Rifle Musket
• ♦   Bismark's Rifles
• ♦   Laser Retina Surgery
• ♦   Ice Versus Dry-Ice Competition
• ♦   Nuclear Cremation
• ♦   Pressure Cooker

Chapter 5   THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS

• 5.1  Mass Equation
• ♦   Dig Suez
• ♦   Linear Valve
• ♦   Pipe Pig
• ♦   Freeze-Dried Rattlesnakes ♥
• ♦   Civil Rights Memorial
• ♦   Flow Through an Expansion
• ♦   Depth of Wine in Time

• 5.2  Momentum Equation
• ♦   Reaction of a Jet
• ♦   Jet-Ski - Static Pull
• ♦   Time to Refill the Pool
• ♦   Pitot-Static Gage
• ♦   Where Water Jets Cross

• 5.3  Energy Equation
• ♦   Oil Flow through a Pipe
• ♦   Gear Pump
• ♦   Instant Hot Water
• ♦   Aquarium Turbines
• ♦   Not a "COOL IDEA"
• ♦   Shipping Maeku
• Energy and Work of Mass Flow
• ♦   Instant Hot Water
• ♦   Torricelli's Theorem
• ♦   Scraped-Surface Heat Exchanger
• ♦   Horsepower of Your Heart
• ♦   Niagara Falls Power
• ♦   ZULIA - Side Casting Dredge
• ♦   Light Bulb Efficiency

DISCUSSIONS OF TEXTS

Within this site are discussions of figures, examples and passages of text, of three of the dominantly commercial thermodynamics texts in the US. These are discussions; there are no text "solution manuals" here. Proceed to the discussions of your text. (Text editions are identical but for minor rearrangement of problems).

General Comments Regarding Texts

THERMODYNAMICS ~ AN ENGINEERING APPROACH
Cengel and Boles   McGraw Hill Publishers - 4th Edition

Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics
Moran and Shapiro   John Wiley Publishers - 6th Edition

FUNDAMENTALS of Thermodynamics
Sonntag, Borgnakke and Van Wylen   John Wiley Publishers - 6th Edition